On Earth, the 20th century was one of the most turbulent, violent, yet progressive centuries in the planet's history. Between major conflicts including the First and Second World Wars, humankind began to explore beyond their homeworld for the first time, and also began to make huge leaps in technological advancement. It was also during the 20th century that many world governments officially learned of the existence of extraterrestrial lifeforms (although few in the general public would know of this until the beginning of the 21st century). The Torchwood Institute, founded in the 19th century, began to gain power and influence in this century, while several attemped alien invasions resulted in the formation of the United Nations Intelligence Taskforce.
The Doctor has had a great affinity for this century, having lived for several years during this time period as an exile from Gallifrey (during his third incarnation) and again for a number of months in 1913 and 1969 in his tenth incarnation (to name just two examples). Many of the Doctor's known Earth companions have originated from this century.
| 19th century | Timeline | 21st century |
| Timeline | |
| Centuries: | 19th century - 20th century - 21st century |
| Decades: | 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s |
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For the purposes of this encyclopedia, the 20th century is defined to run from 1900 CE to 1999 CE.
Strictly speaking the 20th century of the Gregorian calendar (referred to by Spock as the "old calendar") ran from 1901 to 2000, but starting in 1900 means the decade entries are not split over century boundaries.
| 19th century | Timeline 20th century |
21st century |
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